We offer our Scalable Video Coding (SVC) dataset for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH),
including the MPD files and
SVC Sequences
under the following locations:
Quick Links
In SVC, a video is split into multiple interdependent layers at varying qualities. The base
layer (BL) is the layer which all other layers depend on, though enhancement layers (EL) can also
depend on other enhancement layers.
The following three encoding variants, each offering several layers/representations, are available
(the target video bitrates listed are the cumulative bitrates for SVC):
- 3 Representations in Variant I (3 BL + 9 EL) - [Config]:
- 640x360: 600 kbps (BL), 990 kbps (EL 1), 1500 kbps (EL 2), 2075 kbps (EL 3)
- 1280x720: 1500 kbps (BL), 2750 kbps (EL 1), 4800 kbps (EL 2), 7800 kbps (EL 3)
- 1920x1080: 4000 kbps (BL), 5500 kbps (EL 1), 7200 kbps (EL 2), 10400 kbps (EL 3)
- 3 Representations in Variant II (3 BL + 6 EL) - [Config]:
- 480x360: 180 kbps (BL), 242 kbps (EL 1), 444 kbps (EL 2)
- 1280x720: 780 kbps (BL), 1100 kbps (EL 1), 1800 kbps (EL 2)
- 1920x1080: 2000 kbps (BL), 3190 kbps (EL 1), 5040 kbps (EL 3)
- 1 Representation in Variant III (1 BL + 3 EL) - [Config]:
- 640x360: 600 kbps (BL)
- 1280x720: 2200 kbps (EL 1)
- 1920x1080: 4800 kbps (EL 2), 10400 kbps (EL 3)
- 1 Representation in Variant IV (1 BL + 4 EL) - [Config]:
- 640x360: 600 kbps (BL)
- 1280x720: 2200 kbps (EL 1)
- 1920x1080: 4800 kbps (EL 2), 6760 kbps (EL 3), 11200 kbps (EL 4)
In addition, all representations are available with temporal scalability (6, 12 and 24 FPS).
The target video bitrates were only approximated, unfortunately they are not always met due to
restrictions of the encoder.
We used a segment size of 48 frames (2 seconds at 24 fps).
The following videos are part of our dataset:
Name and Source |
Length |
Variant I (360p/720p/1080p) |
Variant II (480x360/720p/1080p) |
Variant III (spatial+quality) |
Variant IV (spatial+quality) |
Short Movies from media.xiph.org |
Big Buck Bunny YUV420p, 1080p, 24 fps |
14315 frames 299 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
|
|
|
Elephants Dream YUV420p, 1080p, 24 fps |
15691 frames 327 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
|
|
|
Sintel PNG, 1080p, 24 fps (converted to YUV420p) |
21312 frames 444 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Tears of Steel YUV420p, 4k, 24 fps (converted to 1080p) |
17620 frames 368 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
EL3
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
PSNR/SSIM:
BL
EL1
EL2
|
|
|
|
Short Sequences from media.xiph.org |
Blue Sky YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
217 frames 5 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Rush Hour YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
500 frames 11 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Pedestrian Area YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
375 frames 8 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Riverbed YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
250 frames 6 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Station2 YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
313 frames 7 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Sunflower YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
500 frames 11 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Tractor YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
690 frames 15 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Factory YUV420p, 1024p, 24 fps |
1339 frames 28 segments |
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
360p@24fps: MPD,Segments
360p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
720p@24fps: MPD,Segments
720p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
1080p@24fps: MPD,Segments
1080p@6,12,24fps: MPD,Segments
|
|
|
|
|
Config Files
Config files for Variants I, II and III are provided for both, MainConcept and JSVM: [Config]. Config files for Variant III are provided only for MainConcept.
We used the MainConcept SVC encoder in Variable Bitrate Mode, therefore allowing us to target very specific bitrates (see Variants I,II and III above). Unfortunately, the JSVM Reference Encoding Software does not support Variable Bitrate Mode, nor more than 3 layers (hence we omit config files for Variant IV), therefore configuration files provided for JSVM do not offer appropriate bitrate settings and are only for experimental purpose.
It is not necessary, but recommended to downscale the YUV videos to the appropriate resolutions before encoding them, for both, MainConcept and JSVM.
MainConcept H.264/SVC Encoder (proprietary)
sample_enc_svc -c config/I/MainConcept/360p.ini -v TOS_360p.yuv -o TOS-I-360p.264 -w 640 -h 360 -iyuv
sample_enc_svc -c config/I/MainConcept/720p.ini -v TOS_720p.yuv -o TOS-I-720p.264 -w 1280 -h 720 -iyuv
sample_enc_svc -c config/I/MainConcept/1080p.ini -v TOS_1080p.yuv -o TOS-I-1080p.264 -w 1920 -h 1080 -iyuv
sample_enc_svc -c config/II/MainConcept/360p.ini -v TOS_360p.yuv -o TOS-II-360p.264 -w 640 -h 360 -iyuv
sample_enc_svc -c config/II/MainConcept/720p.ini -v TOS_720p.yuv -o TOS-II-720p.264 -w 1280 -h 720 -iyuv
sample_enc_svc -c config/II/MainConcept/1080p.ini -v TOS_1080p.yuv -o TOS-II-1080p.264 -w 1920 -h 1080 -iyuv
sample_enc_svc -c config/III/MainConcept/1080p.ini -v TOS_1080p.yuv -o TOS-III.264 -w 1920 -h 1080 -iyuv
JSVM Reference Encoder [JSVM]
H264AVCEncoderLibTestStatic -pf config/I/JSVM/360p/hybrid_dash_360p
H264AVCEncoderLibTestStatic -pf config/I/JSVM/720p/hybrid_dash_720p
H264AVCEncoderLibTestStatic -pf config/I/JSVM/1080p/hybrid_dash_1080p
H264AVCEncoderLibTestStatic -pf config/II/JSVM/360p/hybrid_dash_360p
H264AVCEncoderLibTestStatic -pf config/II/JSVM/720p/hybrid_dash_720p
H264AVCEncoderLibTestStatic -pf config/II/JSVM/1080p/hybrid_dash_1080p
H264AVCEncoderLibTestStatic -pf config/III/JSVM/hyrid_dash_1080p
Pseudo Signal-to-Noise-Ratios (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) values were calculated using the open source available psnr tool of libyuv.
The PSNR/SSIM values were calculated per layer per frame for Variants I, II and III (@ 24 fps). They are available for Big Buck Bunny, Elephants Dream and Tears of Steel.
DASH Multiplexing
DASH SVC Toolchain @ Github
For decoding, we recommend using the JSVM Reference Software, which includes the H264AVCDecoderLibTestStatic tool. The usage is as follows:
H264AVCDecoderLibTestStatic SvcFile.264 SvcOutFile.yuv
Example:
# download H.264/SVC file
wget http://concert.itec.aau.at/SVCDataset/svcseqs/I/BBB-I-360p.264
# extract the base layer and all 3 enhancement layers (the 3rd EL is the actual file)
BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-I-360p.264 BBB-I-360p-L0.264 -l 0
BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-I-360p.264 BBB-I-360p-L1.264 -l 1
BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-I-360p.264 BBB-I-360p-L2.264 -l 2
# decode all layers
H264AVCDecoderLibTestStatic BBB-I-360p-L0.264 BBB-I-360p-L0.yuv
H264AVCDecoderLibTestStatic BBB-I-360p-L1.264 BBB-I-360p-L1.yuv
H264AVCDecoderLibTestStatic BBB-I-360p-L2.264 BBB-I-360p-L2.yuv
H264AVCDecoderLibTestStatic BBB-I-360p.264 BBB-I-360p-L3.yuv
We provide a toolchain at our github repository (
DASH SVC Toolchain @ Github), which includes the python script
svc_merge.py, which has the following purpose:
Given the init-file (init segment), the base layer of segment $x$ and multiple enhancement layers of segment $x$ in the right order, it creates a decodeable H.264/SVC segment, which can be decoded with
H264AVCDecoderLibTestStatic.
DASH SVC Toolchain @ Github
By using JSVMs BitStreamExtractorStatic tool with the given H.264/SVC Bitstream, you can extract the following information from the SVC sequences (e.g., for BBB):
Note: JSVM calculates the resolution wrong and sometimes displays +8 more than it should (e.g., 368 means 360, 1088 means 1080). Bitrate information is incorrect as-well.
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-I-360p.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 640x368 6.0000 162.50 162.50 (0,0,0)
1 640x368 12.0000 325.00 325.00 (0,1,0)
2 640x368 24.0000 650.00 650.00 (0,2,0)
3 640x368 6.0000 275.00 275.00 (1,0,0)
4 640x368 12.0000 550.00 550.00 (1,1,0)
5 640x368 24.0000 1100.00 1100.00 (1,2,0)
6 640x368 6.0000 412.50 412.50 (2,0,0)
7 640x368 12.0000 825.00 825.00 (2,1,0)
8 640x368 24.0000 1650.00 1650.00 (2,2,0)
9 640x368 6.0000 550.00 550.00 (3,0,0)
10 640x368 12.0000 1100.00 1100.00 (3,1,0)
11 640x368 24.0000 2200.00 2200.00 (3,2,0)
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-I-720p.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 1280x720 6.0000 412.50 412.50 (0,0,0)
1 1280x720 12.0000 825.00 825.00 (0,1,0)
2 1280x720 24.0000 1650.00 1650.00 (0,2,0)
3 1280x720 6.0000 800.00 800.00 (1,0,0)
4 1280x720 12.0000 1600.00 1600.00 (1,1,0)
5 1280x720 24.0000 3200.00 3200.00 (1,2,0)
6 1280x720 6.0000 1500.00 1500.00 (2,0,0)
7 1280x720 12.0000 3000.00 3000.00 (2,1,0)
8 1280x720 24.0000 6000.00 6000.00 (2,2,0)
9 1280x720 6.0000 2500.00 2500.00 (3,0,0)
10 1280x720 12.0000 5000.00 5000.00 (3,1,0)
11 1280x720 24.0000 10000.00 10000.00 (3,2,0)
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-I-1080p.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 1920x1088 6.0000 1050.00 1050.00 (0,0,0)
1 1920x1088 12.0000 2100.00 2100.00 (0,1,0)
2 1920x1088 24.0000 4200.00 4200.00 (0,2,0)
3 1920x1088 6.0000 1450.00 1450.00 (1,0,0)
4 1920x1088 12.0000 2900.00 2900.00 (1,1,0)
5 1920x1088 24.0000 5800.00 5800.00 (1,2,0)
6 1920x1088 6.0000 1875.00 1875.00 (2,0,0)
7 1920x1088 12.0000 3750.00 3750.00 (2,1,0)
8 1920x1088 24.0000 7500.00 7500.00 (2,2,0)
9 1920x1088 6.0000 3375.00 3375.00 (3,0,0)
10 1920x1088 12.0000 6750.00 6750.00 (3,1,0)
11 1920x1088 24.0000 13500.00 13500.00 (3,2,0)
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-II-360p.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 480x368 6.0000 55.00 55.00 (0,0,0)
1 480x368 12.0000 110.00 110.00 (0,1,0)
2 480x368 24.0000 220.00 220.00 (0,2,0)
3 480x368 6.0000 70.00 70.00 (1,0,0)
4 480x368 12.0000 140.00 140.00 (1,1,0)
5 480x368 24.0000 280.00 280.00 (1,2,0)
6 480x368 6.0000 150.00 150.00 (2,0,0)
7 480x368 12.0000 300.00 300.00 (2,1,0)
8 480x368 24.0000 600.00 600.00 (2,2,0)
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-II-720p.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 1280x720 6.0000 225.00 225.00 (0,0,0)
1 1280x720 12.0000 450.00 450.00 (0,1,0)
2 1280x720 24.0000 900.00 900.00 (0,2,0)
3 1280x720 6.0000 375.00 375.00 (1,0,0)
4 1280x720 12.0000 750.00 750.00 (1,1,0)
5 1280x720 24.0000 1500.00 1500.00 (1,2,0)
6 1280x720 6.0000 600.00 600.00 (2,0,0)
7 1280x720 12.0000 1200.00 1200.00 (2,1,0)
8 1280x720 24.0000 2400.00 2400.00 (2,2,0)
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-II-1080p.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 1920x1088 6.0000 575.00 575.00 (0,0,0)
1 1920x1088 12.0000 1150.00 1150.00 (0,1,0)
2 1920x1088 24.0000 2300.00 2300.00 (0,2,0)
3 1920x1088 6.0000 850.00 850.00 (1,0,0)
4 1920x1088 12.0000 1700.00 1700.00 (1,1,0)
5 1920x1088 24.0000 3400.00 3400.00 (1,2,0)
6 1920x1088 6.0000 1500.00 1500.00 (2,0,0)
7 1920x1088 12.0000 3000.00 3000.00 (2,1,0)
8 1920x1088 24.0000 6000.00 6000.00 (2,2,0)
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-III.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 640x368 6.0000 162.50 162.50 (0,0,0)
1 640x368 12.0000 325.00 325.00 (0,1,0)
2 640x368 24.0000 650.00 650.00 (0,2,0)
3 1280x720 6.0000 550.00 550.00 (1,0,0)
4 1280x720 12.0000 1100.00 1100.00 (1,1,0)
5 1280x720 24.0000 2200.00 2200.00 (1,2,0)
6 1920x1088 6.0000 1250.00 1250.00 (2,0,0)
7 1920x1088 12.0000 2500.00 2500.00 (2,1,0)
8 1920x1088 24.0000 5000.00 5000.00 (2,2,0)
9 1920x1088 6.0000 3375.00 3375.00 (3,0,0)
10 1920x1088 12.0000 6750.00 6750.00 (3,1,0)
11 1920x1088 24.0000 13500.00 13500.00 (3,2,0)
$> BitStreamExtractorStatic BBB-IV.264
JSVM 9.19.15 BitStream Extractor
Contained Layers:
====================
Layer Resolution Framerate Bitrate MinBitrate DTQ
0 640x368 6.0000 162.50 162.50 (0,0,0)
1 640x368 12.0000 325.00 325.00 (0,1,0)
2 640x368 24.0000 650.00 650.00 (0,2,0)
3 1280x720 6.0000 550.00 550.00 (1,0,0)
4 1280x720 12.0000 1100.00 1100.00 (1,1,0)
5 1280x720 24.0000 2200.00 2200.00 (1,2,0)
6 1920x1088 6.0000 1250.00 1250.00 (2,0,0)
7 1920x1088 12.0000 2500.00 2500.00 (2,1,0)
8 1920x1088 24.0000 5000.00 5000.00 (2,2,0)
9 1920x1088 6.0000 2000.00 2000.00 (3,0,0)
10 1920x1088 12.0000 4000.00 4000.00 (3,1,0)
11 1920x1088 24.0000 8000.00 8000.00 (3,2,0)
12 1920x1088 6.0000 3750.00 3750.00 (4,0,0)
13 1920x1088 12.0000 7500.00 7500.00 (4,1,0)
14 1920x1088 24.0000 15000.00 15000.00 (4,2,0)
You can download our paper here!
If you use this dataset for your research, we kindly ask you to refer this paper in any publication mentioning or using our dataset:
Christian Kreuzberger, Daniel Posch, Hermann Hellwagner, "A Scalable Video Coding Dataset and Toolchain for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP",
In Proceedings of ACM MMSys '15, March 18 - March 20, 2015, Portland, Oregon.
Main Contact: Christian Kreuzberger, Institute of Information Technology, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Austria
E-Mail: christian.kreuzberger@itec.aau.at
This work was partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under the CHIST-ERA project CONCERT (A Context-Adaptive Content Ecosystem Under Uncertainty), project number I1402.